What is MRSA?difference between bacteria and virus?
Transfer and colonisation of MRSA?
Treatment and Control in intensive care setting?
Is handwashing enough to control "superbug"?

I hope i can get a clear answer as soon as possible as "superbug " is a big problem throughout the world. The "Superbug"is a financial menace and a "life and health consuming"microbe.

Submitted by Veronica M.

AND it is getting much worse, with VRSA on the rise, which the vancomycin will not stop as in MRSA.

I know ;


Subject: FSIS--MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MEAT AND POULTRY FOOD SAFETY MARCH 27, 2003 [TSS SUBMISSION]
Date: March 10, 2003 at 1:33 pm PST

Subject: FSIS TO HOLD INTERNATIONAL MEAT AND POULTRY FOOD SAFETY MEETING
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:41:55 -0600
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
To: Sarah.Tarshis@fsis.usda.gov
CC: mary.harris@fsis.usda.gov, sheila.johnson@fsis.usda.gov, marianne.elbertson@usda.gov, andrea.mcnally@fsis.usda.gov

Greetings FSIS,

in response to public meeting on March 27 on
food safety;

My name is Terry S. Singeltary Sr. and i wish to make
submission to this meeting. i am disabled from neck
injury and cannot come to meeting. i wish my submission
to be made public at the meeting please.

> Topics will include global perspectives on multi-drug
> resistant pathogens, assisting small plants in meeting
> food safety requirements and biosecurity.

i wish to comment on all topics.

i will try and make my nightmare as short as possible.

my mother died on 12-14-97 of Heidenhain Variant Creutzfeldt
Jakob Disease, an exceedingly rare strain of sporadic CJD,
now documented at 6 known phenotypes. i have researched human
animal TSEs for almost 6 years. i am no doctor, i have no
PhDs and i am President of nothing. i will get to food
safety and bio-security last...

1st -- milti-drug resistant pathogens

Nov. 30, 2001, i went in for my 3rd neck surgery,
second inter body fusion (always use my own blood
and bone). this time around they were to fuse all
my neck and add a titanium plate. since there is
no, I REPEAT NO questions on hospital admittance
forms of any kind asking about CJD/TSEs, i thought i
should inform him my situation with my mother and hvCJD.
i cannot give blood, be a donor of any kind and since
mom did die from hvCJD, they did use some disposable
items and did use a bone grinder that would not be used
on anyone else and i did share a lot of data with my
neurosurgeon about all this (with reference).
now, as my neurosurgeon said, damn terry, this was not
suppose to happen to you. i refused blood and bone
due to CJD/TSEs, and what do you suppose happened,
somehow (as with TSEs, nobody knows), they infected
with MRSA (methicillin resistant _Staphylococcus aureus_),
damn near killed me. about 7 weeks of vancomycin with long
line straight to heart. course nobody would fess up to it,
but every nurse i spoke with said it was hospital acquired,
and the week i was in there i was told there were 7 cases
from that hospital room? i have never been the same since,
but who's asking.

now, as my nightmare through the world of TSEs continued,
i began searching data on MRSA. while looking for
ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban warning letters aka mad cow
feed ban warning letters (before FDA stopped issuing
them, all this will be documented below), i began seeing
these warning letters on antibiotic and hormone use of
all sorts in cattle. the more i researched, the more disgusted
i got. human drugs (or equal) being used in mass proportion
by the cattle industry, on animals to sick to slaughter.
i have often wondered why young girls are maturing at such
young ages (hormones in cattle/dairy products), and why humans
were becoming resistant to antibiotics (antibiotic use in cattle),
then it all began to make sense. so, i would like to submit
the below data with reference's. i will first reference
the warning letters on antibiotics and hormones, then
will post url with much more data on the topic. please
look at where the data is referenced from. then i will
post data on meat safety (TSEs) and finally something
i submitted to the documents on bio-security in the USA
with potentially TSE/BSE tainted products entering the USA
through a BIG hole (passenger air traffic and TSE/BSE
SUITCASE BOMBS)...

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

Dallas District

4040 North Central Expressway

Dallas, Texas 75204-3145

March 18, 2002

Ref: 2002-DAL-WL-12

CERTIFIED MAIL

RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED

Mr. Richard L. Hayes, Owner

Richard Hayes Cattle Company

Route 4, Box 186B

Hereford, Texas 79045

Dear Mr. Hayes:

An inspection conducted by our investigator at your cattle buyer/dealer
operation located at Hereford, Texas, on February 11-12, 2002, confirmed
that you offered animals for slaughter as food in violation of Sections
402(a)(2)©(ii), and 402(a)(4) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (the Act).

On or about June 29, 2001, you delivered and offered for slaughter as
human food, a steer identified with ear tag 667490 to [redacted]. USDA
analysis of tissue samples collected from that animal identified the
presence of 9.90 ppm of tilmicosin in the liver, and 13.70 ppm
tilmicosin in the muscle tissue. A tolerance of 1.2 ppm has been
established for residues of tilmicosin in the edible tissues of cattle
[Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations

(CFR) Part 556.7351. The presence of this drug in edible tissue from
this animal

causes the food to be adulterated.

On or about June 29, 2001, you delivered and offered for slaughter as
human food, a steer identified with ear tag 1076 to [redacted]. USDA
analysis of tissue samples collected from that animal identified the
presence of 0.36 ppm penicillin in the kidney, and 0.07 ppm penicillin
in the liver tissue. A tolerance of 0.05 ppm has been established for
residues of penicillin in the edible tissues of cattle (21 CFR 556.510).
The presence of this drug in edible tissue from this animal causes the
food to be adulterated.

On or about October 5, 2001, you delivered and offered for slaughter as
human

food, a steer identified with ear tag COR632 to [redacted]. USDA
analysis of tissue samples collected from that animal identified the
presence of 0.34 ppm sulfadimethoxine in the muscle tissues. A tolerance
of 0.1 ppm has been established for residues of sulfadimethoxine in the
edible tissues of cattle (21 CFR 556.640). The presence of this drug in
edible tissue from this animal causes the food to be adulterated.

On or about October 26, 2001, you delivered and offered for slaughter as
human food, a steer identified with back tag 1203 and ear tag 9705 to
[redacted]. USDA analysis of tissue samples collected from that animal
identified the presence of 2.90 ppm of sulfadimethoxine in the muscle
and 2.96 ppm in the liver tissue. A tolerance of 0.1 ppm has been
established for residues of sulfadimethoxine in the edible tissues of
cattle (21 CFR 556.640). The presence of this drug in edible tissue from
this animal causes the food to be adulterated.

On or about November 6, 2001, you delivered and offered for slaughter as
human food, a steer identified with back tag 3811 to [redacted]. USDA
analysis identified the presence of 0.07 ppm penicillin in the kidney. A
tolerance of 0.05 ppm has beep established for residues of penicillin in
the edible tissues of cattle (21 CFR 556.510). The presence of this drug
in edible tissue from this animal causes the food to be adulterated.

On or about November 13, 2001, you delivered and offered for slaughter
as human food, a steer identified with ear tag 227 to [redacted]. USDA
analysis of tissue samples collected from that animal identified the
presence of 63.78 ppm gentamicin sulfate in the kidney, and 12.97
gentamicin sulfate in the liver tissue. No tolerance has been
established for residues of gentamicin sulfate in the edible tissues of
cattle (21 CFR 556.300). The presence of this drug in edible tissue from
this animal causes the food to be adulterated.

Prior to the most recent inspection of February 11-12, 2002, you had
been inspected by a representative of the Texas Department of Health on
two previous occasions, January 24 and June 8, 2000. Those inspections
revealed that you have no system in place to determine whether an animal
you purchase and subsequently offer for slaughter as human food, has
been medicated, and whether it should be withheld from slaughter in
order to allow for potentially harmful drug residues to be depleted.

During the February 1l-12, 2002, inspection, our investigator found
essentially the

same objectionable conditions observed by the Texas Department of
Health. Our

investigator also found that you hold animals under conditions so
inadequate that

diseased animals and/or medicated animals bearing potentially harmful drug

residues are likely to enter the food supply. For example, you lack a
system to

identify and quarantine treated animals you purchase from cattle
sellers. Also,

you lack a system for assuring that animals, medicated prior to your
purchase

have been withdrawn from medication for appropriate periods of time to
permit

depletion of potentially hazardous residues of drugs from edible
tissues. Food

from animals held under such conditions is adulterated within the meaning

402(a)(4) of the Act.

The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of violations. As
a buyer/dealer of animals offered for use as food, you are responsible
for assuring that your overall operation and the foods you distribute
are in compliance with the law. As a dealer of animals, you are
frequently the individual who introduces or offers for introduction into
interstate commerce, the adulterated animal. As such, you share the
responsibility for violating the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. To
avoid future illegal residue violations you should take precautions such as:

1. implementing a system to identify the animals you purchase with
records to establish traceability to the source of the animal;

2. implementing a system to determine from the source of the animal
whether the animal has been medicated and with what drug(s); and

3. if the animal has been medicated, implementing a system to withhold
the animal from slaughter for an appropriate period of time to deplete
potentially hazardous residues of drugs from edible tissue. If you do
not want to hold the medicated animal then it should not be offered for
human food, and it should be clearly identified and sold as a medicated
animal.

You should take prompt action to correct the above violations and to
establish procedures whereby such violations do not recur. Failure to do
so may result in regulatory action without further notice such as
seizure and/or injunction.

It is not necessary for you to personally ship an adulterated animal in
interstate commerce to be responsible for a violation of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The fact that you caused the adulteration
of an animal that was offered for sale to a slaughterhouse that ships in
interstate commerce is sufficient to hold you responsible for a
violation of the Act.

You should notify this office in writing within 15 working days of the
steps you have, taken to bring your firm into compliance with the law.
Your response should include each step that has been, or will be taken
to correct the violations and prevent their recurrence. If corrective
action cannot be completed within 15 working days, state the reason for
the delay and the time frame within which the corrections will be
completed. Please include copies of any available documentation
demonstrating that corrections have been made.

Your reply should be directed to the Food and Drug Administration,
Attention:

Reynaldo R. Rodriguez, Jr., Director, Compliance Branch, at the above

letterhead address.

Sincerely,

Dallas District Director

http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g3156d.htm
=================================================

another example;

snip...

Our investigation found that you hold animals under conditions which are
so inadequate that diseased animals and/or medicated animals bearing
potentially harmful drug residues are likely to enter the food supply.
For example, you lack a system for assuring that drugs are used in a
manner not contrary to label instructions, and for assuring animals
medicated on your farm have been withheld from slaughter for appropriate
periods of time to permit depletion of potentially hazardous drug
residues from edible tissues. Food from animals held under such
conditions adulterated within the meaning of Section 402(a)(4) of the Act.

Our investigation also revealed that you caused a drug oxytetracycline
hydrochloride injection (Agrimycin 100) to be unsafe within the meaning
of Section 512 of the Act and adulterated under Section 501(a)(5) of the
Act when you used the drug in an extralabel manner without veterinary
supervision. This drug is indicated for use in non-lactating dairy
cattle and for intravenous use only. Your use of this drug for treatment
of mastitis by intramuscular injection or for treatment of a retained
placenta by intrauterine injection in a lactating cow in an amount not
indicated causes the drug to be unsafe to use.

snip...

http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g3763d.htm

Greetings again FSIS,

those are just two examples of _many_ warning letters
of this nature, there are many more. these are just two
of the month of March 2002, there were 14 such warning
letters in this month that i found and that were documented;

http://63.75.126.221/scripts/wlcfm/subject.cfm?FL=I

now this super-bug is getting meaner, now we have VRSA;

Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin Resistant to Vancomycin Resistant
United States, 2002

snip...

In June 2002, VRSA was isolated from a swab obtained from a catheter
exit site from a Michigan resident aged 40 years with diabetes,
peripheral vascular disease, and chronic renal failure. The patient
received dialysis at an outpatient facility (dialysis center A). Since
April 2001, the patient had been treated for chronic foot ulcerations
with multiple courses of antimicrobial therapy, some of which included
vancomycin. In April 2002, the patient underwent amputation of a
gangrenous toe and subsequently developed methicillin-resistant S.
aureus bacteremia caused by an infected arteriovenous hemodialysis
graft. The infection was treated with vancomycin, rifampin, and removal
of the infected graft. In June, the patient developed a suspected
catheter exit-site infection, and the temporary dialysis catheter was
removed; cultures of the exit site and catheter tip subsequently grew S.
aureus resistant to oxacillin (MIC >16 µg/mL) and vancomycin (MIC >128
µg/mL). A week after catheter removal, the exit site appeared healed;
however, the patient's chronic foot ulcer appeared infected. VRSA,
vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), and Klebsiella oxytoca
also were recovered from a culture of the ulcer. Swab cultures of the
patient's healed catheter exit site and anterior nares did not grow
VRSA. To date, the patient is clinically stable, and the infection is
responding to outpatient treatment consisting of aggressive wound care
and systemic antimicrobial therapy with trimethroprim/sulfamethoxazole.

The VRSA isolate recovered from the catheter exit site was identified
initially at a local hospital laboratory using commercial MIC testing
and was confirmed by the Michigan Department of Community Health and
CDC. Identification methods used at CDC included traditional biochemical
tests and DNA sequence analysis of gyrA and the gene encoding 16S
ribosomal RNA. Molecular tests for genes unique to enterococci were
negative. The MIC results for vancomycin, teicoplaninin, and oxacillin
were >128 µg/mL, 32 µg/mL, and >16 µg/mL, respectively, by the broth
microdilution method. The isolate contained the vanA vancomycin
resistance gene from enterococci, which is consistent with the
glycopeptide MIC profiles. It also contained the oxacillin-resistance
gene mecA. The isolate was susceptible to chloramphenicol linezolid,
minocycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tetracycline, and
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations are under way to assess the
risk for transmission of VRSA to other patients, health-care workers,
and close family and other contacts. To date, no VRSA transmission has
been identified.

snip...

http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v288n7/ffull/jwr0821-1.html

no wonder humans are becoming resistant to antibiotics;

Fish Cillin (Ampicillin) 250mg - 30 Capsules

$11.95 00-10136-C01 Thomas Labs


Fish Cillin (Ampicillin) 250mg - 100 Capsules

$29.95 00-10136-C03 Thomas Labs


Fish Cycline (Tetracycline) 250mg - 30 Capsules

$7.95 00-10132-C01 Thomas Labs


Fish Cycline (Tetracycline) 250mg - 100 Capsules

$15.95 00-10132-C03 Thomas Labs


Fish Flex (Cephalexin) 250mg - 30 Capsules

$15.95 00-12136-C01 Thomas Labs


Fish Flex (Cephalexin) 250mg - 60 Capsules

$29.95 00-12138-C02 Thomas Labs


Fish Flex (Cephalexin) 250mg - 100 Capsules

$39.95 00-12138-C03 Thomas Labs


Fish Fungus (Ketoconazole) 200 mg - 30 Tablets

$39.95 00-0024-T01 Thomas Labs


Fish Mox (Amoxicillin) 250mg - 30 Capsules

$7.95 00-10131-C01 Thomas Labs


Fish Mox (Amoxicillin) 250mg - 100 Capsules

$15.95 00-10131-C03 Thomas Labs


Fish Mycin (Erythromycin) 250mg - 30 Tablets

$15.95 00-10902-T01 Thomas Labs


Fish Mycin (Erythromycin) 250mg - 100 Tablets

$29.95 00-10902-T03 Thomas Labs

Terramycin TM-20 - 8 oz. Powder


wonder if these mycin's are any relative of the VANCOMYCIN ???

http://www.thomasveterinarydrug.com/mailor...t=1a&page=4



just more food for thought..................TSS